Saturday, November 28, 2009

Beer and Its Manufacturing Process

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Beer and Its Manufacturing Process Beer is a potable, brewed and fermented alcoholic beverages obtain from the malted barley or other starchy cereals flavored with hopes. The alcoholic contents of beer is low as compared to other alcoholic beverages. The alcoholic content of beer ranges from 3.5% to 8% by volume. Any cereals containing starch can be used in beer making process, like wheat, rice, maize etc but popularly barley is used because it content high amount of starch then other cereals. So, the fermentation process is faster and easier in it. The ingredients that are used in beer making are:
  • Barley
  • Yeast
  • Water
  • Sugar

Hops (Hops are small green corn shape flowers from the hop plant which gives better taste and flavor to the beer)

Beer Making Process:

  • Brewing: The clean barley grain are allowed to sprout, known as "Malted Barley" then is crushed and mixed with warm water. The solution which is obtain from mixing of water and crushed barley is known as "Wort". This wort is then cooled at 16 degree celcius which takes 10-12 hours.
  • Fermentation: The yeast named "Brewer's Yeast" is added to the wort for fermentation. The yeast breakdown the sugar in the malt and produce alcohol and co2 gas. This process takes 10-12 days.
  • Clarifying: After the fermentation the clarification of beer is done by adding the finning from the Sturgeon Fish. It will clarify and brighten the beer by sedimentation.
  • Maturing/Aging: The beer is added with sugar & hops and then left in the wooden cask or oak barrel for 3-4 months. The beer gets its flavour from the wooden cask in which it is being matured.
  • Racking: This is the process of running off the beer from one cask to another cask so as to leave the sediments behind.
  • Filteration: After racking, the beer is stored in refrigerated wooden cask for 6 months. It is then filtered, bottled, labeled and then sold in the market.

There are different types of beer found in market. There are all together 7 types of beer. They are:

  1. Lager Beer: The word lager means to store. These beers are stored in refrigerated wooden cask during the aging period.
  2. Pilsner Beer: These beers are bottom fermented and light color beer then other beers. They are derived from Czech origin.
  3. Porter Beer: These beer has heavy malt flavor as it is roasted well. It has a mild hop flavor which got its name from the porters in London which were known to flavor the beer.
  4. Ale beer: These beers are slightly cloudly and hoppy to taste. It has a moderate alcoholic content of 3.5% to 6% by volume.
  5. Stout Beer: These beer is dark in color and very dry (lack of sweetness). It is fairly better in taste due to the strong hoppy flavor.
  6. Draught Beer: These beers are filled in strilized vats and it is allowed to mature in the wooden cask before it is sold for consumption. These beers are sold from a draft jar or can be obtain in a can also.
  7. Bock Beer: It is a fuller bodied, smooth and somewhat sweet in taste. It is usually dark in color and may have alcoholic content upto 8% by volume.

Friday, November 20, 2009

Hotel

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A hotel or inn may be defined as a place where primary business is to provide lodging facilities for the general public. The literal meaning of Hospitality is WEL COMING behaviour toward the guest, taking special care of guest in friendly & hospitality manner. In the mean time, it must provide one or more of the available facilities which includes F&B service, room attendent service, bell &door attendent service, laundary & valet service etc. Such services are provided to those who have capacity to pay for the service.


Thursday, November 12, 2009

Breakfast and its Types

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Breakfast is the first meal of the day hence to break the fast. Breakfast menus vary witBreakfast and its Typesh the country, location and occupation. Breakfast begins the first meal, it should be light and easily digestable. The dishes of breakfast depend upon the custom, habit and season.


Types of Breakfast:



  • Continental Breakfast:

The traditional continental breakfast, originated in France consists simply of hot croissant, brioche or toast, butter or any preverses and coffee as a hot beverages. The current trend in the continental breakfast menu is towards offering a wide varities of choice. Continental breakfast menu can be divided into two parts


Cafe' Simple: It is very simple version of breakfast which consists the service of tea or coffee only


Cafe' Complete: It is more elaborated than a cafe' simple and consists the service of Choices of juice, bread basket containing bread items like- Toast, Rolls, Danish, Sticks etc with tea and coffee.



  • American Breakfast (Continental Breakfast + Cereals + 2 Nos of Eggs).

American breakfast is almost as same as English Breakfast but the difference is that in American Breakfast, Meat items, Fish items and Cheese items are not served. The courses of American Breakfast are: Choices of juice, Cereals, Eggs (2 Nos), Preservatives (Jam, Butter, Honey etc), Fresh Fruits, Bread, Beverages (Tea, Coffee, Hot Chocolate, Milk etc)


In a traditional type of American breakfast cereals items were not included where as in a modern American breakfast consists the cereals items to make it more elaborated, complete and heavy.



  • Indian Breakfast.

The breakfast is originated from India and used in all over the world where the majority of Indians lives. The indian breakfast consists some amount of fats and carbohydrate. The common used food items are: Tea simple/Masala/Coffee, Puree Bhajee, Choice of Juice, Samosa etc



  • English Breakfast.

A full English Breakfast menu may consists more elaborated and eleven-courses of meal. The extent and variety of the menu will depend on the type of establishment in which it is being served. The items in English Breakfast consists: Choice of juices, Cereals, Eggs (2 Nos), Fish, Hot meat, Bread, Fresh Fruits, Cheese, Beverages (Tea, Coffee, Hot Chocolate, Milk etc)

Tuesday, November 10, 2009

Front Office Department

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Front office is the major dept in the hotel which is located at the front part of hotel & is responsible for sell of hotels rooms through the systametic method of reservation followed by registration & assigning room to the guest. So, front office department is known as nerve center & also called show case window where all the information & messages are communication to the different department. Revenue collected from the sell of room contributed to more than 50% of hotels total sale. Thus, the role of front office is to reserve registered & allocate room to the guest & act as a contineous source of information to the guest during the stay period of the guest in the hotel. Other major function of front office department includes settlement of guest a/c, providing guest service, preparation of guest history card, luggage handling, airport pickup etc.

The front office department develops & maintains upto date record based on guest information, guest service & ensure guest information. It is also responsible for welcoming the guest & handling the guest complains.

Monday, November 9, 2009

House-Keeping Department

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House-Keeping Department The term house-keeping refers to keeping the house clean, comfortable & safe, is to accomodate for people to live-in. it is one of the largest department in the hotel industry. So, house keeping department is regarded as a back bone of all the lodging industry which is fully responsible for maintaining or clean, hygeine & safe environment for its guest & staff.

Maximum space of the building in hotel industry in Nepal industry is design & constructed for accomodation to stay & sleep over. Hence, house-keeping operation has the prime task of keeping the guest room & public areas clean & attractive. So, it is required to planned, organizing & controlling the entire activities of the accomodation.

The house-keeping department is responsible for daily & periodical cleaning of guest room & public area in the hotel. For Example- Lobby, Front Desk, Office Area, all the outlets, Swimming pool, public rest room, elevators, corridors, staircase, shopping arkets & other related areas except kitchen. The main task of house keeping department is to keep area clean & update the properties doing like carpet vacuuming, carpet shampooing, furniture cleaning, maintaining & issuing handling & controlling linen & uniform, bed making & providing necessary supplies to the guest in their rooms.

House keeping department is considered as a key operation department which helps to generate revenue about 50% from the sale of rooms. this department is not only operate in hotel industry but also in hospital, hostels, health club, shopping complex etc.

Spices

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Spices
Spices are the natural production obains from the root, fruit, seed, bark of a tree which has its own taste, flavour & colour. Varities of spices are used in the Kitchen according to the type of kitchen. It also helps in the digestion of food items. some of the popular spices & their uses are as follows:

Cloves- Bouquet Garni, Curry, Meat, Sweet Dishes etc.
Cumin- Curry, Meat, Mixed Spices.
Chilly- Many culinary products except continental dishes & sweet dishes.
Garlic & Ginger- Stir fried dishes, pickle, curry, meat etc.
Turmeric- Mostly for coloring the Nepalese & Indian dishes.
Salt & Pepper- Many culinary preperation.
Mustard Powder- Mostly in continental dishes.
Ajwan- Curry, Soup.
Tasting Powder- mostly used in Chinese dishes.
Blacs Salt- Dressing Salad & Souce.

Sunday, November 8, 2009

International Chain Operation.

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International Chain Operation.With the intension of global marketing to increase the sale of hotel. Recognized as chain hotel. For the operation, tjey have to pay certain percentage of equity share or affilation fees. The top level management & the decision making, marketing policies, rules & regulation etc will be governed by the head office of the international chain operation. The hotel return will attain height of degnity & good will of the chain operation by using brand name & the logo of the chain operation along with the name of the hotel.

Some popular Interrnational CHAINs Hotels are:
  • Hotel Inn
  • Oberoi Group
  • Radission
  • Le-Meridian
  • Welcome Group
  • Miton
  • Hyatt-Regency
  • Sheraton etc.